August 2022 – Page 2 – Testingbuddy

Software Testing Interview Questions

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

A list of mostly asked software testing interview questions or QTP interview questions and answers are given below.

1) What is the PDCA cycle and where testing fits in?

There are four steps in a normal software development process. In short, these steps are referred to as PDCA.

PDCA stands for Plan, Do, Check, Act.

Plan: It defines the goal and the plan for achieving that goal.
Do/ Execute: It depends on the plan strategy decided during the planning stage. It is done according to this phase.
Check: This is the testing part of the software development phase. It is used to ensure that we are moving according to plan and getting the desired result.
Act: This step is used to solve if there any issue has occurred during the check cycle. It takes appropriate action accordingly and revises the plan again.

The developers do the “planning and building” of the project while testers do the “check” part of the project.

2) What is the difference between the white box, black box, and gray box testing?

Black box Testing: The strategy of black box testing is based on requirements and specification. It requires no need of knowledge of internal path, structure or implementation of the software being tested.

White box Testing: White box testing is based on internal paths, code structure, and implementation of the software being tested. It requires a full and detail programming skill.

Gray box Testing: This is another type of testing in which we look into the box which is being tested, It is done only to understand how it has been implemented. After that, we close the box and use the black box testing.

Following are the differences among white box, black box, and gray box testing are:

Black box testing	Gray box testing	White box testing
Black box testing does not need the implementation knowledge of a program.	Gray box testing knows the limited knowledge of an internal program.	In white box testing, implementation details of a program are fully required.
It has a low granularity.	It has a medium granularity.	It has a high granularity.
It is also known as opaque box testing, closed box testing, input-output testing, data-driven testing, behavioral testing and functional testing.	It is also known as translucent testing.	It is also known as glass box testing, clear box testing.
It is a user acceptance testing, i.e., it is done by end users.	It is also a user acceptance testing.	Testers and programmers mainly do it.
Test cases are made by the functional specifications as internal details are not known.	Test cases are made by the internal details of a program.	Test cases are made by the internal details of a program.

3)What are the advantages of designing tests early in the life cycle?

Designing tests early in the life cycle prevent defects from being in the main code.

4) What are the types of defects?

There are three types of defects: Wrong, missing, and extra.

Wrong: These defects are occurred due to requirements have been implemented incorrectly.

Missing: It is used to specify the missing things, i.e., a specification was not implemented, or the requirement of the customer was not appropriately noted.

Extra: This is an extra facility incorporated into the product that was not given by the end customer. It is always a variance from the specification but may be an attribute that was desired by the customer. However, it is considered as a defect because of the variance from the user requirements.

5) What is exploratory testing?

Simultaneous test design and execution against an application is called exploratory testing. In this testing, the tester uses his domain knowledge and testing experience to predict where and under what conditions the system might behave unexpectedly.

6) When should exploratory testing be performed?

Exploratory testing is performed as a final check before the software is released. It is a complementary activity to automated regression testing.

7) What are the advantages of designing tests early in the life cycle?

It helps you to prevent defects in the code.

8) Tell me about the risk-based testing.

The risk-based testing is a testing strategy that is based on prioritizing tests by risks. It is based on a detailed risk analysis approach which categorizes the risks by their priority. Highest priority risks are resolved first.

9) What is acceptance testing?

Acceptance testing is done to enable a user/customer to determine whether to accept a software product. It also validates whether the software follows a set of agreed acceptance criteria. In this level, the system is tested for the user acceptability.

Types of acceptance testing are:

User acceptance testing: It is also known as end-user testing. This type of testing is performed after the product is tested by the testers. The user acceptance testing is testing performed concerning the user needs, requirements, and business processes to determine whether the system satisfies the acceptance criteria or not.
Operational acceptance testing: An operational acceptance testing is performed before the product is released in the market. But, it is performed after the user acceptance testing.
Contract and regulation acceptance testing: In the case of contract acceptance testing, the system is tested against certain criteria and the criteria are made in a contract. In the case of regulation acceptance testing, the software application is checked whether it meets the government regulations or not.
Alpha and beta testing: Alpha testing is performed in the development environment before it is released to the customer. Input is taken from the alpha testers, and then the developer fixes the bug to improve the quality of a product. Unlike alpha testing, beta testing is performed in the customer environment. Customer performs the testing and provides the feedback, which is then implemented to improve the quality of a product.

10) What is accessibility testing?

Accessibility testing is used to verify whether a software product is accessible to the people having disabilities (deaf, blind, mentally disabled etc.).

11) What is Adhoc testing?

Ad-hoc testing is a testing phase where the tester tries to ‘break’ the system by randomly trying the system’s functionality.

12) What is Agile testing?

Agile testing is a testing practice that uses agile methodologies i.e. follow test-first design paradigm.

13) What is API (Application Programming Interface)?

Application Programming Interface is a formalized set of software calls and routines that can be referenced by an application program to access supporting system or network services.

14) What do you mean by automated testing?

Testing by using software tools which execute test without manual intervention is known as automated testing. Automated testing can be used in GUI, performance, API, etc.

15) What is Bottom-up testing?

The Bottom-up testing is a testing approach which follows integration testing where the lowest level components are tested first, after that the higher level components are tested. The process is repeated until the testing of the top-level component.

16) What is Baseline Testing?

In Baseline testing, a set of tests is run to capture performance information. Baseline testing improves the performance and capabilities of the application by using the information collected and make the changes in the application. Baseline compares the present performance of the application with its previous performance.

17) What is Benchmark Testing?

Benchmarking testing is the process of comparing application performance with respect to the industry standard given by some other organization.

It is a standard testing which specifies where our application stands with respect to others.

18) Which types are testing are important for web testing?

There are two types of testing which are very important for web testing:

Performance testing: Performance testing is a testing technique in which quality attributes of a system are measured such as responsiveness, speed under different load conditions and scalability. The performance testing describes which attributes need to be improved before the product is released in the market.
Security testing: Security testing is a testing technique which determines that the data and resources be saved from the intruders.

19) What is the difference between web application and desktop application in the scenario of testing?

The difference between a web application and desktop application is that a web application is open to the world with potentially many users accessing the application simultaneously at various times, so load testing and stress testing are important. Web applications are also prone to all forms of attacks, mostly DDOS, so security testing is also very important in the case of web applications.

20) What is the difference between verification and validation?

Difference between verification and validation:

Verification	Validation
Verification is Static Testing.	Validation is Dynamic Testing.
Verification occurs before Validation.	Validation occurs after Verification.
Verification evaluates plans, document, requirements and specification.	Validation evaluates products.
In verification, inputs are the checklist, issues list, walkthroughs, and inspection.	Invalidation testing, the actual product is tested.
Verification output is a set of document, plans, specification and requirement documents.	Invalidation actual product is output.

21) What is the difference between Retesting and Regression Testing?

A list of differences between Retesting and Regression Testing:

Regression	Retesting
Regression is a type of software testing that checks the code change does not affect the current features and functions of an application.	Retesting is the process of testing that checks the test cases which were failed in the final execution.
The main purpose of regression testing is that the changes made to the code should not affect the existing functionalities.	Retesting is applied on the defect fixes.
Defect verification is not an element of Regression testing.	Defect verification is an element of regression testing.
Automation can be performed for regression testing while manual testing could be expensive and time-consuming.	Automation cannot be performed for Retesting.
Regression testing is also known as generic testing.	Retesting is also known as planned testing.
Regression testing concern with executing test cases that was passed in earlier builds. Retesting concern with executing those test cases that are failed earlier.	Regression testing can be performed in parallel with the retesting. Priority of retesting is higher than the regression testing.

22) What is the difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?

Preventative tests are designed earlier, and reactive tests are designed after the software has been produced.

23) What is the purpose of exit criteria?

The exit criteria are used to define the completion of the test level.

24) Why is the decision table testing used?

A decision table consists of inputs in a column with the outputs in the same column but below the inputs.

The decision table testing is used for testing systems for which the specification takes the form of rules or cause-effect combination. The reminders you get in the table explore combinations of inputs to define the output produced.

25) What is alpha and beta testing?

These are the key differences between alpha and beta testing:

No.	Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
1)	It is always done by developers at the software development site.	It is always performed by customers at their site.
2)	It is also performed by Independent testing team	It is not be performed by Independent testing team
3)	It is not open to the market and public.	It is open to the market and public.
4)	It is always performed in a virtual environment.	It is always performed in a real-time environment.
5)	It is used for software applications and projects.	It is used for software products.
6)	It follows the category of both white box testing and Black Box Testing.	It is only the kind of Black Box Testing.
7)	It is not known by any other name.	It is also known as field testing.

26) What is Random/Monkey Testing?

Random testing is also known as monkey testing. In this testing, data is generated randomly often using a tool. The data is generated either using a tool or some automated mechanism.

Random testing has some limitations:

Most of the random tests are redundant and unrealistic.
It needs more time to analyze results.
It is not possible to recreate the test if you do not record what data was used for testing.

27) What is the negative and positive testing?

Negative Testing: When you put an invalid input and receive errors is known as negative testing.

Positive Testing: When you put in the valid input and expect some actions that are completed according to the specification is known as positive testing.

28) What is the benefit of test independence?

Test independence is very useful because it avoids author bias in defining effective tests.

29) What is the boundary value analysis/testing?

In boundary value analysis/testing, we only test the exact boundaries rather than hitting in the middle. For example: If there is a bank application where you can withdraw a maximum of 25000 and a minimum of 100. So in boundary value testing we only test above the max and below the max. This covers all scenarios.

The following figure shows the boundary value testing for the above-discussed bank application.TC1 and TC2 are sufficient to test all conditions for the bank. TC3 and TC4 are duplicate/redundant test cases which do not add any value to the testing. So by applying proper boundary value fundamentals, we can avoid duplicate test cases, which do not add value to the testing.

30) How would you test the login feature of a web application?

There are many ways to test the login feature of a web application:

Sign in with valid login, Close browser and reopen and see whether you are still logged in or not.
Sign in, then log out and then go back to the login page to see if you are truly logged out.
Log in, then go back to the same page, do you see the login screen again?
Session management is important. You must focus on how do we keep track of logged in users, is it via cookies or web sessions?
Sign in from one browser, open another browser to see if you need to sign in again?
Log in, change the password, and then log out, then see if you can log in again with the old password.

31) What are the types of performance testing?

Performance testing: Performance testing is a testing technique which determines the performance of the system such as speed, scalability, and stability under various load conditions. The product undergoes the performance testing before it gets live in the market.

Types of software testing are:

1. Load testing:

Load testing is a testing technique in which system is tested with an increasing load until it reaches the threshold value.

Note: An increasing load means the increasing the number of users.

The main purpose of load testing is to check the response time of the system with an increasing amount of load.
Load testing is non-functional testing means that the only non-functional requirements are tested.
Load testing is performed to make sure that the system can withstand a heavy load

2. Stress testing:

Stress testing is a testing technique to check the system when hardware resources are not enough such as CPU, memory, disk space, etc.
In case of stress testing, software is tested when the system is loaded with the number of processes and the hardware resources are less.
The main purpose of stress testing is to check the failure of the system and to determine how to recover from this failure is known as recoverability.
Stress testing is non-functional testing means that the only non-functional requirements are tested.

3. Spike testing:

Spike testing is a subset of load testing. This type of testing checks the instability of the application when the load is varied.
There are different cases to be considered during testing:
- The first case is not to allow the number of users so that the system will not suffer heavy load.
- The second case is to provide warnings to the extra joiners, and this would slow down the response time.

4. Endurance testing:

Endurance testing is a subset of load testing. This type of testing checks the behavior of the system.
Endurance testing is non-functional testing means that the only non-functional requirements are tested.
Endurance testing is also known as Soak testing.
Endurance testing checks the issues such as memory leak. A memory leak occurs when the program does not release its allocated memory after its use. Sometimes the application does not release its memory even after its use and this unusable memory cause memory leak. This causes an issue when the application runs for a long duration.
Some of the main issues that are viewed during this testing are:
- Memory leaks occurred due to an application.
- Memory leaks occurred due to a database connection.
- Memory leaks occurred due to a third party software.

5. Volume testing:

Volume testing is a testing technique in which the system is tested when the volume of data is increased.
Volume testing is also known as flood testing.
Volume testing is non-functional testing means that the only non-functional requirements are tested.
For example: If we want to apply the volume testing then we need to expand the database size, i.e., adding more data into the database table and then perform the test.

6. Scalability testing

Scalability testing is a testing technique that ensures that the system works well in proportion to the growing demands of the end users.
Following are the attributes checked during this testing:
- Response time
- Throughput
- Number of users required for performance test
- Threshold load
- CPU usage
- Memory usage
- Network usage

32) What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?

Basis of comparison	Functional testing	Non-functional testing
Description	Functional testing is a testing technique which checks that function of the application works under the requirement specification.	Non-functional testing checks all the non-functional aspects such as performance, usability, reliability, etc.
Execution	Functional testing is implemented before non-functional testing.	Non-functional testing is performed after functional testing.
Focus area	It depends on the customer requirements.	It depends on the customer expectations.
Requirement	Functional requirements can be easily defined.	Non-functional requirements cannot be easily defined.
Manual testing	Functional testing can be performed by manual testing.	Non-functional testing cannot be performed by manual testing.
Testing types	Following are the types of functional testing:Unit testingAcceptance testingIntegration testingSystem testing	Following are the types of non-functional testing:Performance testingLoad testingStress testingVolume testingSecurity testingInstallation testingRecovery testing

33) What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?

Static testing	Dynamic testing
Static testing is a white box testing technique which is done at the initial stage of the software development lifecycle.	Dynamic testing is a testing process which is done at the later stage of the software development lifecycle.
Static testing is performed before the code deployment.	Dynamic testing is performed after the code deployment.
It is implemented at the verification stage.	It is implemented at the validation stage.
Execution of code is not done during this type of testing.	Execution of code is necessary for the dynamic testing.
In the case of static testing, the checklist is made for the testing process.	In the case of dynamic testing, test cases are executed.

34) What is the difference between negative and positive testing?

Positive testing	Negative testing
Positive testing means testing the application by providing valid data.	Negative testing means testing the application by providing the invalid data.
In case of positive testing, tester always checks the application for a valid set of values.	In the case of negative testing, tester always checks the application for the invalid set of values.
Positive testing is done by considering the positive point of view for example: checking the first name field by providing the value such as “Akshay”.	Negative testing is done by considering the negative point of view for example: checking the first name field by providing the value such as “Akshay123”.
It verifies the known set of test conditions.	It verifies the unknown set of conditions.
The positive testing checks the behavior of the system by providing the valid set of data.	The negative testing tests the behavior of the system by providing the invalid set of data.
The main purpose of the positive testing is to prove that the project works well according to the customer requirements.	The main purpose of the negative testing is to break the project by providing the invalid set of data.
The positive testing tries to prove that the project meets all the customer requirements.	The negative testing tries to prove that the project does not meet all the customer requirements.

35) What are the different models available in SDLC?

There are various models available in software testing, which are the following:

Waterfall model
Spiral Model
Prototype model
Verification and validation model
Hybrid model
Agile model
Rational unified process model[RUP]
Rapid Application development [RAD]

36) List out the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing and dry run testing?

Following are the differences between smoke, sanity, and dry run testing:

Smoke testing	Sanity testing	Dry-run testing
It is shallow, wide and scripted testing.	It is narrow and deep and unscripted testing	A dry run testing is a process where the effects of a possible failure are internally mitigated.
When the builds come, we will write the automation script and execute the scripts. So it will perform automatically.	It will perform manually.	For Example, An aerospace company may conduct a Dry run of a takeoff using a new aircraft and a runway before the first test flight.
It will take all the essential features and perform high-level testing.	It will take some significant features and perform in-depth testing.

37) How do we test a web application? What are the types of tests we perform on the web application?

To test any web application such as Yahoo, Gmail, and so on, we will perform the following testing:

Functional testing
Integration testing
System testing
Performance testing
Compatibility testing ( test the application on the various operating systems, multiple browsers, and different version)
Usability testing ( check whether it is user friendly)
Ad-hoc testing
Accessibility testing
Smoke testing
Regression testing
Security testing
Globalization testing ( only if it is developed in different languages)

38) Why do we need to perform compatibility testing?

We might have developed the software in one platform, and the chances are there that users might use it in the different platforms. Hence, it could be possible that they may encounter some bugs and stop using the application, and the business might get affected. Therefore, we will perform one round of Compatibility testing.

39) How many test cases we can write in a day?

We can tell anywhere between 2-5 test cases.

First test case → 1st day, 2nd day.
Second test case → 3rd day, 4th day.
Forth test case → 5th day.
9-10 test cases → 19th day.

Primarily, we use to write 2-5 test cases, but in future stages we write around 6-7 because, at that time, we have the better product knowledge, we start re-using the test cases, and the experience on the product.

40) How many test cases can we review per day?

It would be around 7 test cases we write so that we can review 7*3=21 test cases. And we can say that 25-30 test case per day.

41) How many test cases can we run in a day?

We can run around 30-55 test cases per day.

Note: For these types of questions (39-41), always remember the ratio: x test cases we can write, 3x test cases we can review, and 5x test cases we can execute per day.

42) Does the customer get a 100% bug-free product?

The testing team is not good
Developers are super
Product is old
All of the above

The correct answer is testing team is not good because sometimes the fundamentals of software testing define that no product has zero bugs.

43) How to track the bug manually and with the help of automation?

We can track the bug manually as:

Identify the bug.
Make sure that it is not duplicate (that is, check it in bug repository).
Prepare a bug report.
Store it in bug repository.
Send it to the development team.
Manage the bug life cycle (i.e., keep modifying the status).

Tracking the bug with the help of automation i.e., bug tracking tool:

We have various bug tracking tools available in the market, such as:

Jira
Bugzilla
Mantis
Telelogic
Rational Clear Quest
Bug_track
Quality center ( it is a test management tool, a part of it is used to track the bugs)

Note: Here, we have two categories of tools:

A product based: In the product based companies, they will use only one bug tracking tool.

Service-based: In service-based companies, they have many projects of different customers, and every project will have different bug tracking tools.

44) Why does an application have bugs?

The software can have a bug for the following reasons:

Software complexity
Programming errors
If no communications are happening between the customer and the company, i.e., an application should or should not perform according to the software’s needs.
Modification in requirements
Time pressure.

45) When we perform testing?

We will perform testing whenever we need to check all requirements are executed correctly or not, and to make sure that we are delivering the right quality product.

46) When do we stop the testing?

We can stop testing whenever we have the following:

Once the functionality of the application is stable.
When the time is less, then we test the necessary features, and we stop it.
The client’s budget.
When the essential feature itself is not working correctly.

47) For which and all types of testing do we write test cases?

We can write test cases for the following types of testing:

Different types of testing	Test cases
Smoke testing	In this, we will write only standard features; thus, we can pull out some test cases that have all the necessary functions. Therefore, we do not have to write a test case for smoke testing.
Functional/unit testing	Yes, we write the test case for unit testing.
Integration testing	Yes, we write the test case for integration testing.
System testing	Yes, we write the test case for system testing.
Acceptance testing	Yes, but here the customer may write the test case.
Compatibility testing	In this, we don’t have to write the test case because the same test cases as above are used for testing on different platforms.
Adhoc testing	We don’t write the test case for the Adhoc testing because there are some random scenarios or the ideas, which we used at the time of Adhoc time. Though, if we identify the critical bug, then we convert that scenario into a test case.
Performance testing	We might not write the test cases because we will perform this testing with the help of performance tools.
Usability testing	In this, we use the regular checklist; therefore, we don’t write the test case because here we are only testing the look and feel of the application.
Accessibility testing	In accessibility testing, we also use the checklist.
Reliability testing	Here, we don’t write the manual test cases as we are using the automation tool to perform reliability testing.
Regression testing	Yes, we write the test cases for functional, integration, and system testing.
Recovery testing	Yes, we write the test cases for recovery testing, and also check how the product recovers from the crash.
Security testing	Yes, we write the test case for security testing.
Globalization testing: Localization testing Internationalization testing	Yes, we write the test case for L10N testing. Yes, we write the test case for I18N testing.

48) What is the difference between the traceability matrix and the test case review process?

Traceability matrix	Test case review
In this, we will make sure that each requirement has got at least one test case.	In this, we will check whether all the scenarios are covered for the particular requirements.

49) What is the difference between use case and test case?

Following are the significant differences between the use case and the test case:

Test case	Use Case
It is a document describing the input, action, and expected response to control whether the application is working fine based on the customer requirements.	It is a detailed description of Customer Requirements.
It is derived from test scenarios, Use cases, and the SRS.	It is derived from BRS/SRS.
While developing test cases, we can also identify loopholes in the specifications.	A business analyst or QA Lead prepares it.

50) How to test a pen?

We can perform both manual and automation testing. First, we will see how we perform manual testing:

Different types of testing	Scenario
Smoke testing	Checks that basic functionality is written or not.
Functional/unit testing	Check that the Refill, pen body, pen cap, and pen size as per the requirement.
Integration testing	Combine pen and cap and integrate other different sizes and see whether they work fine.
Compatibility testing	Various surfaces, multiple environments, weather conditions, and keep it in oven and then write, keep it in the freezer and write, try and write on water.
Adhoc testing	Throw the pen down and start writing, keep it vertically up and write, write on the wall.
Performance testing	Test the writing speed of the pen.
Usability testing	Check whether the pen is user friendly or not, whether we can write it for more extended periods smoothly.
Accessibility testing	Handicapped people use them.
Reliability testing	Drop it down and write, and continuously write and see whether it leaks or not
Recovery testing	Throw it down and write.
Globalization testing Localization testing	Price should be standard, expiry date format.
Internationalize testing	Check whether the print on the pen is as per the country language.

Now, we will see how we perform automation testing on a pen:

For this take a roller, now put some sheets of paper on the roller, then connects the pen to the motor and switch on the motor. The pen starts writing on the paper. Once the pen has stopped writing, now observe the number of lines that it has written on each page, length of each track, and multiplying all this, so we can get for how many kilometers the pen can write.

Difference

GUI Testing VS Usability Testing

August 18, 2022November 17, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Let’s understand the difference between GUI testing and Usability Testing on the following comparison basis table:

S.NO	Comparison Basis	GUI Testing	Usability Testing
1.	Definition	It is used to verify if the functional attributes creating the product design are working according to the user’s prospects.	It is used to test the simplicity, availability of the product from the end-user’s perspective.
2.	Emphasis on	The GUI testing emphasizes the look and feel of an application and involves the interface part of the software.	On the other hand, usability testing emphasizes the user-friendliness and product quality of an application.
3.	Test	Generally, in graphical user interface testing, the functionality of an application is not tested.	Whereas in usability testing, the functionality of an application is tested to verify whether it is user-friendly or not.
4.	Validation	In GUI testing, we validate the design specifications for the products.	The usability testing test if the creation of the user interface has been well created and is user- friendly.
5.	Target	The GUI testing is essential when the developers are targeting a precise user base like disabled people.	On the other hand, usability testing is not beneficial while developing an application for a unique user base.
6.	Ensures	The execution of GUI testing ensures the look and feel of an application by fulfilling the given user requirements and standards.	While the execution of usability testing ensures the user comfortless while using any application.
7.	Determine	Graphical user interface testing is used to determine the front-end portion of any application.	Usability testing determines the extent of the user-friendliness Interface as well as overall functioning of the software.
8.	Platform dependency	The GUI testing is implemented on several platforms to ensures its perfect look of the application.	The usability testing tests the application at its difficulty level.
9.	Importance	It is beneficial but less important as compared to usability testing.	Usability testing’s importance is more as compared to the GUI testing.
10.	System Flow	The system flow of the product is left untouched by GUI testing.	In this, the systematic flow between various modules within the product gets tested.
11.	Advantage	The output we received after executing the Graphical user interface testing helps us engage more significant users due to its enhanced attractiveness.	On the other hand, getting an output by implementing the usability testing will also beneficial for drawing a more significant part of users in the market.
12.	Coverage	The GUI testing gets covered the look and development of the application.	On the other hand, usability testing gets covered the features and capabilities of the product.
13.	Example	The graphical user interface testing tests all objects such as the size of the icon, setting the right combinations for font, the dialog box, contrast, attributes if they are appropriately exhibited throughout the screen.	The usability testing especially used to test the text input boxes for the users. And another example of usability testing is the scroll bars, which succeed for easy navigation of a website’s pages.

Conclusion

After seeing all the significant differences between the GUI testing and Usability testing, we can conclude that the execution of both Graphical user interface testing and usability testing can test some of the key software features, such as Look and feel user-friendliness, efficiency, and accuracy of the application.

The Graphical user interface (GUI) testing and usability testing will help the testing team takes essential procedures to increase the performance, quality, user-friendliness, functionality, and other vital essentials of the software product.

At last, we can say that if we do not execute the GUI testing and usability testing techniques, the development and testing may not be able to deliver a good quality software or the application.

Difference

Positive Testing VS Negative Testing

August 18, 2022November 17, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Some of the significant difference between positive and negative testing is discussed in the following table:

S.No.	Positive Testing	Negative Testing
1.	Checking the application response with the help of valid input data is known as positive testing.	Checking the application response by using the invalid input data set is known as negative testing.
2.	Positive testing is implemented only for the expected conditions.	Negative testing is implemented only for unexpected conditions.
3.	Positive testing doesn’t guarantee a good quality of software product.	Negative testing guarantees to deliver a good quality of software product.
4.	The execution of positive testing takes less time as compared to negative testing.	The execution of positive testing takes more time as compared to positive testing.
5.	To validate the available set of test conditions, we will consistently implement the Positive testing.	To break the project and product with an unidentified set of test conditions, we will consistently implement Negative testing.
6.	The primary purpose of executing Positive testing is to guarantee that the software application always meets the developer’s requirements and specifications.	The primary purpose of executing the negative testing is to test a web application’s constancy in contradiction to inaccurate validation data sets.
7.	Positive testing doesn’t encompass all the possible cases.	Negative testing encompasses all the possible cases.
8.	It is a process where the system is validated in contradiction of the valid input data.	It is a testing process which contain the validation in contrast to invalid input data.
9.	Positive testing is less significant than Negative testing.	Negative testing is more vital than Positive testing.
10.	Positive testing can be implemented on every application.	Negative testing can be implemented when the possibilities of unpredicted conditions.
11.	The people having less knowledge can execute the positive testing.	The testing professionals can execute the negative testing.
12.	It makes sure that the software is standard.	Negative testing makes sure to deliver 100 percent bug-free software.

Difference

Difference between Frontend Testing and Backend Testing

August 18, 2022November 17, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

In the below table, we have listed some of the important differences between frontend and backend testing.

S.NO	Frontend testing	Backend testing
1.	It is executed on the presentation layer of the 3-tier architecture.	It is performed on the Application and Database layer of the 3-tier architecture.
2.	It is always performed on the Graphical user interface (GUI).	It is always implemented on the Application User Interface (AUI).
3.	While performing the frontend testing, we do not require to store any information in a database.	While performing the backend testing, we need to store the data in the database.
4.	The understanding of requirements is necessary in order to execute the frontend testing.	The understanding of the database is essential to execute the backend testing.
5.	It will analyze the overall capabilities of the application.	It will analyze the deadlock, data corruption, or data loss.
6.	In GUI-based frontend testing, the resources are centrally achieved in cloud computing.	In AUI based backend testing, the resources are executed on a collaboration pattern in Grid Computing.
7.	Knowledge about the automation frameworks tools like QTP, Selenium is mandatory to perform the Frontend testing.	Knowledge about SQL (Structured Query Language) language concepts is compulsory to implement the backend testing.
8.	Frontend testing includes the verification of the application and checks the performance of application whether it is working according to the requirement.	Backend testing execution makes sure that the data is continuing as there is no performance hit.
9.	System testing and Acceptance Testing, unit testing, accessibility testing, and regression testing are performed under frontend testing.	The database testing (API testing and SQL testing) are performed under backend testing.
10.	Just like other types of testing frontend testing also contains some tools, which are as follows:LiveReloadKarmaGrunt	To execute the backend testing, we have some tools available in the market, which are as follows:DTM Data GeneratorTurboDataData Factory

Difference

Testing Vs. Debugging

August 18, 2022November 17, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

In the below table, we have listed some of the significant difference between testing and debugging:

S.NO	Testing	Debugging
1.	It is the implementation of the software with the intent of identifying the defects	The process of fixing and resolving the defects is known as debugging.
2.	Testing can be performed either manually or with the help of some automation tools.	The debugging process cannot be automated.
3.	A group of test engineers executes testing, and sometimes it can be performed by the developers.	Debugging is done by the developer or the programmer.
4.	The test engineers perform manual and automated test cases on the application, and if they detect any bug or error, they can report back to the development team for fixing.	The developers will find, evaluates, and removes the software errors.
5.	Programming knowledge is not required to perform the testing process.	Without having an understanding of the programming language, we cannot proceed with the debugging process.
6.	Once the coding phase is done, we proceed with the testing process.	After the implementation of the test case, we can start the Debugging process.
7.	Software Testing includes two or more activities such as validation and verification of the software.	Debugging tries to match indication with cause, hence leading to the error correction.
8.	It is built on different testing levels such as Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, etc.	It is built on different kinds of bugs because there is no such level of debugging is possible.
9.	Software testing is the presentation of defects.	It is a logical procedure.
10.	Software testing is the vital phase of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).	It is not a part of SDLC because it occurs as a subset of testing.
11.	Some advantages of software testing are as below:It can easily understand by the new test engineers or the beginner.The test engineer can interact with software as a real end-user to check the usability and user interface issues.It is used to test dynamically altering GUI designs.Testing is a cost-effective and time-saving process.Software testing delivers a consistence software.It will help us to execute the root cause analysis that will enhance the software’s productivity.The testing process also helps detect and fixing the bugs before the software becomes active, which significantly reduces the risk of failure.	Some advantages of debugging process are as follows:It supports the developer in minimizing the data.If the perform the debugging, we can report the error condition directly.During the debugging process, the developer can avoid complex one-use testing code thathelps the developer save time and energy.Debugging delivers maximum useful information of data structures and allows its informal understanding.
12.	Software testing contains various type of testing methods, which are as follow:Black-box testingWhite-box testingGrey-box testingAnd some other type of testing types is as below:Unit testingIntegration TestingSystem TestingStress TestingPerformance TestingCompatibility TestingBeta TestingAlpha TestingSmoke TestingRegression TestingUser Acceptance Testing and so on.	Debugging involves a various type of approaches, which are as follows:InductionBrute ForceDeduction
13.	The testing team can subcontract to the outside team as well.	Debugging cannot be subcontracted to an outside team because the inside development team only does it.
14.	We can plan, design, and implement the testing process.	As compared to the testing process, the debugging process cannot be forced.

Difference

Difference between SDLC and STLC

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

In the below table, we have listed some of the important difference between the Software Development Life Cycle and Software Testing Life Cycle:

S.NO	Comparison basis	SDLC	STLC
1.	Explanations	It is primarily connected to software development, which means that it is the procedure of developing a software application.	It is mainly linked to software testing, which means that it is a software testing process that contains various phases of the testing process.
2.	Representation	SDLC stands for *Software Development Life Cycle*.	STLC stands for *Software Testing Life cycle*.
3.	Resources	While performing the SDLC process, we needed a greater number of developers to complete the development process.	The STLC process needed a smaller number of testers to complete the testing process.
4.	Focuses on	Besides the development phase, other phases like testing are also included.	The STLC concentrate only on testing the software.
5.	Objective	The objective of the Software development life cycle is to complete the development of software successfully.	The objective of the Software testing life cycle is to complete the testing of software successfully.
6.	Help in	The SDLC will help us to develop a good quality software product.	The STLC will helps to create the software bug-free.
7.	Different phases	The various phase includes in Software Development Life Cycle are as follows:Requirements CollectionFeasibility StudyDesignProgramming or CodingTestingInstallationMaintenance	The various phase includes in Software Testing Life Cycle are as follows:Requirement collection or System studyTest PlanWrite test caseTraceability MatrixDefect TrackingTest Execution ReportRetrospect meeting
8.	Requirement collection phase	In the SDLC Requirement collection phase, the BA [Business Analyst] and PA [ Product Analyst] will collect the requirements and interpret business language into software language.	In the Requirement Analysis phase of the STLC, the QA [ Quality Assurance] team will study requirement documents and prepare the System Test Plan.
9.	Designing phase	Based on the requirement understanding, the development team will develop the HLD [High-Level Design] and LLD [Low-Level Design] of the software.	Generally, in STLC, the Test Architect or a Test Lead plan the test strategy. And also finds the testing points.
10.	Coding phase	In the SDLC coding phase, the developer will start writing the code as per the designed document and beginning of building the software.	In STLC, the QA team writes the test scenarios to authenticate the quality of the product.
11.	Environment Set up	After writing the code, the development team sets up a test environment with the developed product to validate the code.	Based on the prerequisites, the Test team confirms the environment set up. And do one round of smoke testing to ensure that the environment is stable for the product and ready for testing.
12.	Testing Phase	Once the environment has been set, the test engineer will perform various types of testing, such as Unit, Integration, System, Retesting, Regression testing, and so on. And the development team is also involving to fixing the bugs and report back to the tester.	Based on the test cases, the tester will do one round of integration and system testing. While performing the testing, if they encounter with any bugs, it will be reported and fixed after the retesting.
13.	Deployment/ Product Release phase	In the SDLC deployment phase, when we received sign-off from various testing teams, the application is deployed or installed in a production environment for real end-users.	In STLC, the Smoke and sanity testing are performed in the production environment as soon as the product is deployed. And the testing team will prepare the test reports and matrix to analyze the product.
14.	Maintenance Phase	Once the product has been deployed, the development team includes support and release updates.	To check maintenance code deployed, the QA team performs the regression suites.
15.	Performed	The SDLC phases are done before the STLC phases.	The STLC phases are completed after SDLC phases.

Difference

Black Box Testing vs. White Box Testing vs. Grey…

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Index	Black Box Testing	White Box Testing	Grey Box Testing
1	Knowledge of internal working structure (Code) is not required for this type of testing. Only GUI (Graphical User Interface) is required for test cases.	Knowledge of internal working structure (Coding of software) is necessarily required for this type of testing.	Partially Knowledge of the internal working structure is required.
2	Black Box Testing is also known as functional testing, data-driven testing, and closed box testing.	White Box Testing is also known as structural testing, clear box testing, code-based testing, and transparent testing.	Grey Box Testing is also known as translucent testing as the tester has limited knowledge of coding.
3	The approach towards testing includes trial techniques and error guessing method because tester does not need knowledge of internal coding of the software.	White Box Testing is proceeded by verifying the system boundaries and data domains inherent in the software as there is no lack of internal coding knowledge.	If the tester has knowledge of coding, then it is proceeded by validating data domains and internal system boundaries of the software.
4	The testing space of tables for inputs (inputs to be used for creating test cases) is pretty huge and largest among all testing spaces.	The testing space of tables for inputs (inputs to be used for creating test cases) is less as compared to Black Box testing.	The testing space of tables for inputs (inputs to be used for creating test cases) is smaller than Black Box and White Box testing.
5	It is very difficult to discover hidden errors of the software because errors can be due to internal working which is unknown for Black Box testing.	It is simple to discover hidden errors because it can be due to internal working which is deeply explored in White Box testing.	Difficult to discover the hidden error. Might be found in user level testing.
6	It is not considered for algorithm testing.	It is well suitable and recommended for algorithm testing.	It is not considered for algorithm testing.
7	Time consumption in Black Box testing depends upon the availability of the functional specifications.	White Box testing takes a long time to design test cases due to lengthy code.	Test cases designing can be done in a short time period.
8	Tester, developer and the end user can be the part of testing.	Only tester and developer can be a part of testing; the end user can not involve.	Tester, developer and the end user can be the part of testing.
9	It is the least time-consuming process among all the testing processes.	The entire testing process is the most time consuming among all the testing processes.	less time consuming than White Box testing.
10	Resilience and security against viral attacks are covered under Black Box testing.	Resilience and security against viral attacks are not covered under White Box testing.	Resilience and security against viral attacks are not covered under Grey Box testing.
11	The base of this testing is external expectations internal behavior is unknown.	The base of this testing is coding which is responsible for internal working.	Testing based on high-level database diagrams and dataflow diagrams.
12	It is less exhaustive than White Box and Grey Box testing methods.	It is most exhaustive between Black Box and Grey Box testing methods.	Partly exhaustive; depends upon the type of test cases are coding based or GUI based.

Difference

Differences between the Alpha testing and Beta testing are:

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Sr. No.	Alpha Testing	Beta Testing
1.	Alpha testing performed by a team of highly skilled testers who are usually the internal employee of the organization.	Beta testing performed by clients or end-users in a real-time environment, who is not an employee of the organization.
2.	Alpha testing performed at the developer’s site; it always needs a testing environment or lab environment.	Beta testing doesn’t need any lab environment or the testing environment; it is performed at a client’s location or end-user of the product.
3.	Reliability or security testing not performed in-depth in alpha testing.	Reliability, security, and robustness checked during beta testing.
4.	Alpha testing involves both white box and black-box techniques.	Beta testing uses only black-box testing.
5.	Long execution cycles maybe require for alpha testing.	Only a few weeks are required for the execution of beta testing.
6.	Critical issues or fixes can be identified by developers immediately in alpha testing.	Most of the issues or feedback is collecting from the beta testing will be implemented for the future versions of the product.
7.	Alpha testing performed before the launch of the product into the market.	At the time of software product marketing.
8.	Alpha testing focuses on the product’s quality before going to beta testing.	Beta testing concentrates on the quality of the product, but gathers users input on the product and ensures that the product is ready for real-time users.
9.	Alpha testing performed nearly the end of the software development.	Beta testing is a final test before shipping a product to the customers.
10.	Alpha testing is conducting in the presence of developers and the absence of end-users.	Beta testing reversed of alpha testing.

Difference

Difference between verification and validation testing

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Verification	Validation
We check whether we are developing the right product or not.	We check whether the developed product is right.
Verification is also known as static testing.	Validation is also known as dynamic testing.
Verification includes different methods like Inspections, Reviews, and Walkthroughs.	Validation includes testing like functional testing, system testing, integration, and User acceptance testing.
It is a process of checking the work-products (not the final product) of a development cycle to decide whether the product meets the specified requirements.	It is a process of checking the software during or at the end of the development cycle to decide whether the software follow the specified business requirements.
Quality assurance comes under verification testing.	Quality control comes under validation testing.
The execution of code does not happen in the verification testing.	In validation testing, the execution of code happens.
In verification testing, we can find the bugs early in the development phase of the product.	In the validation testing, we can find those bugs, which are not caught in the verification process.
Verification testing is executed by the Quality assurance team to make sure that the product is developed according to customers’ requirements.	Validation testing is executed by the testing team to test the application.
Verification is done before the validation testing.	After verification testing, validation testing takes place.
In this type of testing, we can verify that the inputs follow the outputs or not.	In this type of testing, we can validate that the user accepts the product or not.

Difference

Difference between Load testing and Stress testing

August 18, 2022
by yourtestingbuddy@gmail.com

Load testing	Stress testing
Load testing is used to find the performance of the application by testing the database, networks, and website servers.	Stress testing is used to find the stability and response time of the given system.
Load testing helps the tester to identify the bottleneck and also able to tell the cause of bottlenecks before deployment to the production server.	Stress testing helps the tester to check the system capacity when number of users increased suddenly before the system failure or crashed.
This type of testing reproduced the load on any application and software.	It is used to figure out the robustness and stability of the application.
Load testing is used to test web-based and client-server types of application.	Stress testing tests suddenly increased traffic of the application.
WebLOAD, LoadView, LoadRunner, SmartMeter.io, and LoadUI NG Pro are some of the load testing tools which help us to perform load testing on the applications.	LoadRunner, JMeter, NeoLoad are some of the stress testing tools which help us to perform stress testing on the applications.
After doing the load testing on the application, the cost of failure may reduce, and the satisfaction of the customer is increased.	After doing Stress testing on the application, if the system got to fail, it will recover quickly by finding the breaking point early and also see where the system got crashed.
For example: if we have one scenario where the load is 100 users using the application at a 2.5\sec of goal time. And, the desired load is 100 user. This scenario got passed because the desired load is equal to the load, which satisfies the load testing condition.	For example: if we took the same scenario where the actual load of 100 users which are using the application at a 2.5\sec of goal time. When the desired load got increased by 200 users, and it will become 300. So now, 300 users using the application at 2.5\sec of goal time. It will pass because the desired load is greater than the load according to the stress testing condition.